发行

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发行 [2025/08/14 07:59] – created xiaoer发行 [2025/08/22 19:27] (current) – created xiaoer
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 ====== fāxíng: 发行 - To Issue, Publish, Release, Distribute ====== ====== fāxíng: 发行 - To Issue, Publish, Release, Distribute ======
 ===== Quick Summary ===== ===== Quick Summary =====
-  * **Keywords:** 发行, fāxíng, issue, publish, release, distribute, Chinese verb, what does faxing mean, fāxíng meaning, issue a book, release a movie, issue currency, issue bonds, Chinese for publish, HSK 5. +  * **Keywords:** 发行, fāxíng, fa xing, Chinese word for issue, Chinese word for publish, meaning of 发行, how to use 发行, fāxíng vs fābù, issue stock in Chinese, release a movie in Chinese, publish a book in Chinese, Chinese HSK 5 verb 
-  * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese verb **发行 (fāxíng)**, which means "to issue," "publish," or "release." This formal term is crucial for understanding contexts related to business, media, and finance, such as the publication of a book, the release of a movie, or the issuance of currency and stocks. This guide breaks down its meaning, cultural significance, and practical use with clear examples.+  * **Summary:** Learn the essential Chinese verb **发行 (fāxíng)**, which means "to issue," "publish," or "release." This page provides a deep dive into its use in contexts like finance (issuing stock), media (releasing movies and music), and publishing (distributing books). Understand the crucial differences between 发行 (fāxíng), 发布 (fābù), and 出版 (chūbǎn) with clear examples and cultural insights for beginner and intermediate learners.
 ===== Core Meaning ===== ===== Core Meaning =====
   * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** fāxíng   * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** fāxíng
   * **Part of Speech:** Verb   * **Part of Speech:** Verb
   * **HSK Level:** HSK 5   * **HSK Level:** HSK 5
-  * **Concise Definition:** To formally issue, publish, release, or distribute something for public circulation. +  * **Concise Definition:** To formally issue, publish, or distribute something for public circulation. 
-  * **In a Nutshell:** **发行 (fāxíng)** is the official act of making something available to the public. It's not just "giving something out"; it carries a sense of formality and scale. Think of a publisher **发行** a new book, a film studio **发行** a blockbuster movie, or a central bank **发行** new banknotes. It's the moment something goes from private creation to public consumption.+  * **In a Nutshell:** **发行 (fāxíng)** is the official "launch" of a product into the public sphere. It's the moment a movie hits theaters, a book lands on shelves, a new currency enters circulation, or a company's stock is offered to investors. The core idea is moving a finished product from its creator to the public, usually on a large scale.
 ===== Character Breakdown ===== ===== Character Breakdown =====
-  * **发 (fā):** The core meaning of **发** is "to send out," "to issue," or "to dispatch." Picture an archer sending an arrow (发射 fāshè) or a company sending out goods (发货 fāhuò). It implies an action originating from a central point and moving outward. +  * **发 (fā):** This character means "to send out," "to issue," or "to develop." It contains the idea of an outward action or emission, like sending a letter (发送 fāsòng) or discovering something (发现 fāxiàn). 
-  * **行 (xíng):** The character **行** means "to go," "to walk," or "to circulate." Its original form was a pictogram of a crossroads, representing movement and travel. In this context, it carries the meaning of circulation among the public. +  * **行 (xíng):** This character means "to go," "to walk," or "to carry out." It implies movement, circulation, and action. 
-  * When combined, **发行 (fāxíng)** literally means "to send out for circulation." This beautifully captures the full process: an official entity (like a publisher or bank) sends something out (发) so that it can travel and circulate (行) throughout society.+  * When combined, **发行 (fāxíng)** literally translates to "sending out for circulation." This captures the essence of distributing a product widely so that it can "move" through society and the market.
 ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== ===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
-  * **发行 (fāxíng)** often implies a level of official sanction or approval that might be absent in its English counterparts like "release" or "launch." In China, the publication of books, the screening of films, and the issuance of currency are all processes overseen by specific authorities. Therefore, the act of **发行** carries the weight of having passed through a formal system. +  * In modern China, **发行 (fāxíng)** often carries a weight of formality and officiality that the English word "release" might not. For major media and financial products, the act of "发行" is not a simple flip of a switch; it's the final step in a regulated process. 
-  * **Comparison to "Release/Publish":** In the West, an indie artist might "release" a song on SoundCloud, or an author might self-"publish" a book on Amazon. While you could technically describe these actions using **发行**, the term is more naturally suited for a major record label officially releasing an album or a traditional publishing house printing and distributing a novel. **发行** implies a larger, more structured distribution network and often a commercial or governmental purpose. It's less about a simple upload and more about a coordinated, official rollout.+  * **Comparison to "Release" in the West:** An independent artist in the US might "release" a song on SoundCloud with a single click. While you could technically describe this with a related word like [[推出]] (tuīchū), using **发行 (fāxíng)** implies a more structured, commercial distribution through official channels. For movies, books, and games in China, **发行** requires obtaining official approval and licenses (like a book's ISBN or a film's screening permit), reflecting a state-supervised media and economic landscape. 
 +  * This term is not about deep philosophical values but rather highlights the structured and often centralized nature of commerce and media in contemporary China. The decision to **发行** something is a significant business and sometimes political act.
 ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== ===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
-  * **发行** is a formal and standard term used frequently in news, business, and official announcements. +  * **发行 (fāxíng)** is a formal and standard term used across several key industries. You will see it constantly in news, business reports, and official announcements. 
-  * **Media and Publishing:** This is its most common context. It's used for books, magazines, newspapers, music albums, and movies. +  * **Media and Entertainment:** This is one of the most common contexts. 
-    * e.g., **发行**新书 (fāxíng xīn shū) - to publish a new book +    *   **发行电影 (fāxíng diànyǐng):** To release/distribute a film. 
-    * e.g., **发行**电影 (fāxíng diànyǐng) - to release a film +    *   **发行专辑 (fāxíng zhuānjí):** To release a music album. 
-  * **Finance and Economics:** It is the standard verb+    *   **发行游戏 (fāxíng yóuxì):** To publish a video game. 
 +  * **Finance and Economics:** The term is crucial for financial activities. 
 +    *   **发行股票 (fāxíng gǔpiào):** To issue stocks (e.g., during an IPO). 
 +    *   **发行债券 (fāxíng zhàiquàn):** To issue bonds. 
 +    *   **发行货币 (fāxíng huòbì):** To issue currency (done by a central bank). 
 +  * **Publishing:** It refers to the distribution of print media. 
 +    *   **发行书籍 (fāxíng shūjí):** To publish/distribute a book. 
 +    *   **发行杂志 (fāxíng zázhì):** To publish/distribute a magazine. 
 +    *   **全国发行 (quánguó fāxíng):** Nationwide distribution. 
 +===== Example Sentences ===== 
 +  * **Example 1:** 
 +    * 电影公司计划下个月在亚洲**发行**这部新电影。 
 +    * Pinyin: Diànyǐng gōngsī jìhuà xià ge yuè zài Yàzhōu **fāxíng** zhè bù xīn diànyǐng. 
 +    * English: The film company plans to release this new movie in Asia next month. 
 +    * Analysis: A classic example of **发行** used for releasing a film in a specific market. 
 +  * **Example 2:** 
 +    * 他的第一本小说去年**发行**后，立刻成为了畅销书。 
 +    * Pinyin: Tā de dì-yī běn xiǎoshuō qùnián **fāxíng** hòu, lìkè chéngwéi le chàngxiāoshū. 
 +    * English: After his first novel was published last year, it immediately became a bestseller. 
 +    * Analysis: Here, **发行** refers to the publication and distribution of a book. 
 +  * **Example 3:** 
 +    * 为了筹集资金，公司决定**发行**一百万股新股票。 
 +    * Pinyin: Wèile chóují zījīn, gōngsī juédìng **fāxíng** yī bǎi wàn gǔ xīn gǔpiào. 
 +    * English: To raise capital, the company decided to issue one million new shares of stock. 
 +    * Analysis: This sentence demonstrates the core financial usage of **发行** for issuing securities. 
 +  * **Example 4:** 
 +    * 中国人民银行负责**发行**人民币。 
 +    * Pinyin: Zhōngguó Rénmín Yínháng fùzé **fāxíng** Rénmínbì. 
 +    * English: The People's Bank of China is responsible for issuing the Renminbi. 
 +    * Analysis: This shows the official, governmental use of the term for currency. 
 +  * **Example 5:** 
 +    * 这位歌手的最新数字专辑将在全球同步**发行**。 
 +    * Pinyin: Zhè wèi gēshǒu de zuìxīn shùzì zhuānjí jiāng zài quánqiú tóngbù **fāxíng**. 
 +    * English: This singer's latest digital album will be released simultaneously worldwide. 
 +    * Analysis: **发行** is perfectly suitable for digital products like music albums, not just physical ones. 
 +  * **Example 6:** 
 +    * 邮政局刚刚**发行**了一套以长城为主题的纪念邮票。 
 +    * Pinyin: Yóuzhèngjú gānggāng **fāxíng** le yī tào yǐ Chángchéng wéi zhǔtí de jìniàn yóupiào. 
 +    * English: The post office just issued a set of commemorative stamps with the Great Wall as the theme. 
 +    * Analysis: The term applies to other official items like stamps. 
 +  * **Example 7:** 
 +    * 这本杂志每月**发行**超过五十万册。 
 +    * Pinyin: Zhè běn zázhì měi yuè **fāxíng** chāoguò wǔshí wàn cè. 
 +    * English: This magazine distributes over 500,000 copies each month. 
 +    * Analysis: Here, **发行** describes the ongoing act of distribution and circulation volume. 
 +  * **Example 8:** 
 +    * 这款游戏什么时候**发行**？我等不及了！ 
 +    * Pinyin: Zhè kuǎn yóuxì shénme shíhou **fāxíng**? Wǒ děng bù jí le! 
 +    * English: When is this game being released? I can't wait! 
 +    * Analysis: A common, practical question a consumer might ask. 
 +  * **Example 9:** 
 +    * 政府宣布将**发行**新一批国债以支持基础设施建设。 
 +    * Pinyin: Zhèngfǔ xuānbù jiāng **fāxíng** xīn yī pī guózhài yǐ zhīchí jīchǔ shèshī jiànshè. 
 +    * English: The government announced it will issue a new batch of national bonds to support infrastructure construction. 
 +    * Analysis: Another example of government-level financial use. 
 +  * **Example 10:** 
 +    * 我们是这本书在中国的独家**发行**方。 
 +    * Pinyin: Wǒmen shì zhè běn shū zài Zhōngguó de dújiā **fāxíng**fāng. 
 +    * English: We are the exclusive distributor for this book in China. 
 +    * Analysis: Shows how **发行** can be part of a compound noun, 发行方 (fāxíngfāng), meaning "distributor" or "issuer." 
 +===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== 
 +  * The most common point of confusion for learners is distinguishing **发行 (fāxíng)** from **发布 (fābù)** and **出版 (chūbǎn)**. 
 +  * **发行 (fāxíng) vs. 发布 (fābù):** 
 +    * **发行 (fāxíng)** is for **products & commodities** (books, stocks, movies, currency). It's about distribution and circulation in a market. 
 +    * [[发布]] (fābù) is for **information & announcements** (news, statements, data, policies). It's about making information public. 
 +    * **Common Mistake:** Saying "公司发行了一份声明" (Gōngsī fāxíngle yī fèn shēngmíng). 
 +    * **Why it's wrong:** A statement (声明) is information, not a commercial product for distribution. 
 +    * **Correct:** 公司**发布**了一份声明。(Gōngsī **fābù**le yī fèn shēngmíng.) - The company **released/issued** a statement. 
 +  * **发行 (fāxíng) vs. 出版 (chūbǎn):** 
 +    * [[出版]] (chūbǎn) specifically means "to publish" and refers to the entire process of preparing print media (books, magazines) for sale, including editing, printing, and getting an ISBN. 
 +    * **发行 (fāxíng)** is technically the distribution step that happens //after// a book is published. A publishing house (出版社 chūbǎnshè) will **出版** a book, and then a distributor (发行商 fāxíngshāng) will **发行** it. 
 +    * **In practice:** For learners, when talking about a book being "out," the two are often used interchangeably. Both "这本书什么时候发行？" and "这本书什么时候出版？" are understood as "When is this book coming out?" 
 +===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== 
 +  * * [[发布]] (fābù) - To announce, to release (information). The counterpart to `发行`, used for news, data, and announcements rather than commercial products. 
 +  * * [[出版]] (chūbǎn) - To publish. The specific process of producing books and print media. It is the step before or encompassing `发行`. 
 +  * * [[上市]] (shàngshì) - To go on the market; to be listed (on a stock exchange). More specific than `发行股票`, it refers to the moment a company's stock becomes publicly tradable. 
 +  * * [[推出]] (tuīchū) - To launch, roll out, or introduce (a new product/service). A broader, more marketing-focused term. You can `推出` a new feature, a new menu item, or a new plan. 
 +  * * [[发行商]] (fāxíngshāng) - Distributor, publisher. The company or entity responsible for the act of `发行`. 
 +  * * [[首发]] (shǒufā) - Premiere, first release, initial launch. A compound of `首` (first) and `发` (from `发行`). 
 +  * * [[分发]] (fēnfā) - To distribute, to hand out. A more general and often less formal term. You would `分发` flyers or free samples, but `发行` a national magazine. 
 +  * * [[刊登]] (kāndēng) - To publish (in a periodical). Refers to publishing a specific article, story, or advertisement within a newspaper or magazine.