zhēnshí: 真实 - Real, True, Authentic [The Contextual Chinese Dictionary]

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====== zhēnshí: 真实 - Real, True, Authentic ======
===== Quick Summary =====
  * **Keywords:** zhenshi, zhen shi, 真实, real in Chinese, true Chinese, authentic in Chinese, reality, truth, zhenshi meaning, Chinese word for real, zhenshi vs zhende, fact-based, genuine
  * **Summary:** Learn the Chinese word **真实 (zhēnshí)**, a key term meaning "real," "true," or "authentic." This page explores how **真实** goes beyond a simple "not fake" to describe the genuineness of stories, the sincerity of emotions, and the factual basis of information. Discover its cultural importance, see practical examples, and learn the crucial difference between **真实 (zhēnshí)** and the more casual **真的 (zhēn de)** to make your Chinese sound more natural and precise.
===== Core Meaning =====
  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** zhēnshí
  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective, Noun
  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4
  * **Concise Definition:** Conforming to objective reality or fact; genuine and not fabricated.
  * **In a Nutshell:** **真实 (zhēnshí)** is the word you use when you want to describe something as being factually correct, genuinely felt, or authentically portrayed. Think less about a "real" diamond (vs. a fake one) and more about a "true" story, "real" feelings, or "authentic" data. It carries a weight of substance and verifiability.
===== Character Breakdown =====
  * **真 (zhēn):** This character means "real," "true," or "genuine." It represents something that is not counterfeit or false.
  * **实 (shí):** This character means "solid," "substantial," "fact," or "reality." It evokes the image of something with substance and a solid foundation.
  * When combined, **真实 (zhēnshí)** literally means "true and solid." This powerful combination emphasizes that something is not just an illusion but is grounded in fact and reality. It is true in a substantial, verifiable way.
===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
  * In Chinese culture, **真实 (zhēnshí)** is a highly valued quality in both information and personal character. While concepts like "face" (面子 miànzi) might sometimes encourage social harmony over blunt honesty, the underlying ideal in relationships, journalism, and history is a deep respect for what is **真实**.
  * **Comparison to "Real":** In English, "real" can be used very broadly. We can have a "real problem," "real gold," or say "For real?". **真实 (zhēnshí)** is more specific. It's rarely used for physical objects (you'd use **真的 zhēn de** for "real gold") and is almost never used as a casual interjection. Instead, **真实** is used to qualify abstract nouns: stories, emotions, reports, and situations. It's about conceptual authenticity and factual accuracy, reflecting a philosophical appreciation for truth that is grounded and proven.
===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
  * **真实** is a common and important word in both formal and informal contexts, though it carries a more descriptive and slightly more formal weight than its cousin, **真的 (zhēn de)**.
  * **In News and Academia:** Journalists and scholars strive for **真实** reports (真实的报道) and data (真实的数据). It implies a commitment to objectivity and fact-checking. A historical drama might be praised for its **真实感 (zhēnshí gǎn)**, or "sense of realism."
  * **In Art and Media:** A movie might be advertised as being "based on a true story" (根据**真实**事件改编 gēnjù **zhēnshí** shìjiàn gǎibiān). A painter or video game designer might be praised for creating a **真实** world that feels lifelike and believable.
  * **In Personal Relationships:** When discussing emotions, you might talk about your "**真实**的想法 (zhēnshí de xiǎngfǎ)"—your "true thoughts" or "real feelings." It implies you are dropping any pretense and speaking from the heart.
===== Example Sentences =====
  * **Example 1:** 
    * 这个故事是**真实**的。
    * Pinyin: Zhè ge gùshi shì **zhēnshí** de.
    * English: This story is true.
    * Analysis: Here, **真实** is used as an adjective to state that the story's content is based on actual events.
  * **Example 2:** 
    * 电影反映了战争的**真实**面貌。
    * Pinyin: Diànyǐng fǎnyìng le zhànzhēng de **zhēnshí** miànmào.
    * English: The movie reflects the true face of war.
    * Analysis: **真实** describes the "face" or "appearance" (面貌) of war, meaning it was portrayed authentically, without glorification.
  * **Example 3:** 
    * 我想知道你**真实**的想法是什么。
    * Pinyin: Wǒ xiǎng zhīdào nǐ **zhēnshí** de xiǎngfǎ shì shénme.
    * English: I want to know what your real thoughts are.
    * Analysis: This is a common way to ask someone for their genuine, unvarnished opinion or feelings.
  * **Example 4:** 
    * 这些数据不**真实**，需要重新核对。
    * Pinyin: Zhèxiē shùjù bù **zhēnshí**, xūyào chóngxīn héduì.
    * English: This data is not authentic; it needs to be re-checked.
    * Analysis: **真实** is used here to question the factuality and accuracy of information.
  * **Example 5:** 
    * 卸下妆容后，她向我们展示了最**真实**的自己。
    * Pinyin: Xiè xià zhuāngróng hòu, tā xiàng wǒmen zhǎnshì le zuì **zhēnshí** de zìjǐ.
    * English: After removing her makeup, she showed us her most authentic self.
    * Analysis: This sentence uses **真实** to mean "authentic" or "unfiltered," referring to a person's true character.
  * **Example 6:** 
    * 他的画非常**真实**，看起来就像照片一样。
    * Pinyin: Tā de huà fēicháng **zhēnshí**, kàn qǐlái jiù xiàng zhàopiàn yíyàng.
    * English: His paintings are very realistic; they look just like photographs.
    * Analysis: In an artistic context, **真实** can mean "realistic" or "lifelike." You can also use [[逼真]] (bīzhēn) here.
  * **Example 7:** 
    * 很多时候，**真实**比小说更离奇。
    * Pinyin: Hěn duō shíhou, **zhēnshí** bǐ xiǎoshuō gèng líqí.
    * English: Often, reality is stranger than fiction.
    * Analysis: Here, **真实** is used as a noun to mean "reality" or "the truth." It's a more literary alternative to [[现实]] (xiànshí).
  * **Example 8:** 
    * 记者必须保证报道的**真实**性。
    * Pinyin: Jìzhě bìxū bǎozhèng bàodào de **zhēnshí** xìng.
    * English: Journalists must guarantee the authenticity of their reports.
    * Analysis: The suffix **性 (-xìng)** turns the adjective **真实** into a noun, "**真实**性 (zhēnshí xìng)," meaning "authenticity" or "veracity."
  * **Example 9:** 
    * 我昨晚做了一个非常**真实**的梦。
    * Pinyin: Wǒ zuówǎn zuò le yí ge fēicháng **zhēnshí** de mèng.
    * English: I had a very realistic dream last night.
    * Analysis: This describes the quality of the dream, emphasizing how lifelike and vivid it felt.
  * **Example 10:** 
    * 这个游戏引擎能渲染出非常**真实**的光影效果。
    * Pinyin: Zhè ge yóuxì yǐnqíng néng xuànrǎn chū fēicháng **zhēnshí** de guāngyǐng xiàoguǒ.
    * English: This game engine can render very realistic lighting and shadow effects.
    * Analysis: A modern, technical use of **真实** to describe the realism of computer-generated graphics.
===== Nuances and Common Mistakes =====
  * **The most common mistake is confusing 真实 (zhēnshí) with 真的 (zhēn de).** They are not interchangeable.
  * **真实 (zhēnshí): Adjective/Noun** - It describes the *quality* of something. It answers the question, "What kind of story/feeling/data is it?" (It's a *true* one).
    * Correct: 这是一个**真实**的故事。 (Zhè shì yí ge **zhēnshí** de gùshi.) - This is a **true** story.
    * Incorrect: 这是一个真的故事。 (This sounds awkward and uneducated, like saying "This is a really story" in English.)
  * **真的 (zhēn de): Adverb/Affirmation** - It is used to emphasize a verb or adjective ("really"), or to affirm a statement ("it's true").
    * Correct: 我**真的**很高兴。 (Wǒ **zhēn de** hěn gāoxìng.) - I am **really** happy.
    * Incorrect: 我真实很高兴。
    * Correct: A: 他是中国人吗？ (Is he Chinese?) B: **真的**。 (**Zhēn de**.) - **It's true.**
    * Incorrect: B: 真实。
  * **"False Friend" with "Real":** Do not use **真实** as a casual interjection like "Real?" or "For real?". For that, you must use **真的吗? (zhēn de ma?)**.
===== Related Terms and Concepts =====
  * [[真的]] (zhēn de) - A more colloquial adverb meaning "really" or an affirmation meaning "it's true." The most important term to distinguish from **真实**.
  * [[事实]] (shìshí) - A noun meaning "fact." A **真实** story is one that is based on **事实**.
  * [[实在]] (shízài) - An adverb meaning "really" or "truly" (similar to 真的). As an adjective, it can describe a person as "honest" or "dependable."
  * [[真诚]] (zhēnchéng) - An adjective meaning "sincere" or "heartfelt." It describes a person's character or emotions. A **真诚** apology is a type of **真实** emotion.
  * [[虚假]] (xūjiǎ) - The direct antonym of **真实**. It means "false," "fake," or "fabricated."
  * [[现实]] (xiànshí) - A noun meaning "reality" or "real life." **真实** can be used as a noun for "reality," but **现实** is more common and refers to the state of the world we live in.
  * [[逼真]] (bīzhēn) - An adjective meaning "lifelike" or "realistic." It's used almost exclusively for art, models, imitations, or simulations that look very real.
  * [[地道]] (dìdao) - An adjective meaning "authentic" in a cultural sense, e.g., "authentic Beijing cuisine" (地道的北京菜). It's about being true to a local style, not about factual accuracy.