====== zuòzuo: 做作 - Artificial, Pretentious, Affected ======
===== Quick Summary =====
  * **Keywords:** zuozuo, 做作, Chinese word for artificial, pretentious in Chinese, affected, unnatural behavior, Chinese slang, zuo zuo meaning, what does zuozuo mean, insincere, fake Chinese
  * **Summary:** **做作 (zuòzuo)** is a common and important Chinese adjective used to describe someone's behavior as being **artificial, pretentious, or affected**. It criticizes actions, speech, or mannerisms that feel unnatural, staged, or deliberately performed rather than genuine. Understanding **zuòzuo** is key to grasping Chinese social values that prioritize sincerity (真诚) and naturalness (自然) over behavior that seems fake or is "putting on a show."
===== Core Meaning =====
  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** zuòzuo
  * **Part of Speech:** Adjective
  * **HSK Level:** HSK 6
  * **Concise Definition:** To be affected, artificial, or pretentious in one's behavior or manner.
  * **In a Nutshell:** `做作 (zuòzuo)` is the feeling you get when you watch someone and think, "they're trying too hard." Their actions aren't coming from a place of genuine emotion but from a script they've written for themselves. It's the opposite of being natural, relaxed, and authentic. If someone's laugh sounds rehearsed, their compliments feel insincere, or their gestures are overly dramatic for the situation, you would describe them as `做作`.
===== Character Breakdown =====
  * **做 (zuò):** The most common character for "to do," "to make," or "to be." It implies a conscious, deliberate action.
  * **作 (zuò):** Also means "to do," "to make," or "to act." It can carry a sense of "to compose" or "to create."
When combined, the repetition of `做作 (zuòzuo)` creates a powerful emphasis on the *act of acting*. It's like saying someone is "doing a doing" or "acting an act." This highlights the deliberate, constructed, and therefore unnatural quality of the behavior, pointing out that it is a performance, not a reality.
===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
In Chinese culture, authenticity (真诚 - zhēnchéng) and naturalness (自然 - zìrán) are highly prized social virtues. Being labeled `做作` is a significant social critique. It implies that a person is not trustworthy because their outward presentation doesn't match their inner self.
A useful comparison in Western culture is the concept of being "theatrical" or "melodramatic." However, there's a key difference. In the West, a theatrical personality can sometimes be seen as quirky, expressive, or entertaining. In China, `做作` is almost exclusively negative. It suggests a calculated attempt to manipulate others' perceptions, whether to gain sympathy, appear more sophisticated, or get attention. This is seen as a character flaw that disrupts social harmony, which is based on predictable and sincere interactions. Calling someone `做作` is a way of saying they are breaking this unwritten social contract of authenticity.
===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
`做作` is a very common word used in everyday conversation, especially among younger generations, and on social media. Its connotation is always negative.
  * **In Social Situations:** It's used to describe people who put on airs, fake emotions, or speak in an affected manner. For example, someone who uses an overly cute, high-pitched voice (a behavior called `装可爱 - zhuāng kě'ài`) might be called `做作`.
  * **In Dating and Relationships:** It's a frequent complaint. One partner might accuse the other of being `做作` if they feel their actions (like crying or pouting) are manipulative and not genuine expressions of emotion.
  * **On Social Media and in Media:** Netizens often criticize celebrities, influencers, or actors for being `做作`. This could refer to a "candid" photo that is clearly staged, a performance that feels forced, or a public apology that sounds insincere.
  * **As a Verb (less common):** In some literary or formal contexts, `做作` can be a verb meaning "to affect a manner" or "to feign." For example, `她故意做作出吃惊的样子` (Tā gùyì zuòzuo chū chījīng de yàngzi) - "She deliberately feigned a look of surprise." However, its adjectival use is far more common.
===== Example Sentences =====
  * **Example 1:**
    * 她笑得好**做作**，一点都不真诚。
    * Pinyin: Tā xiào de hǎo **zuòzuo**, yīdiǎn dōu bù zhēnchéng.
    * English: Her laugh is so artificial; it's not sincere at all.
    * Analysis: A classic example of criticizing a basic human expression for feeling fake or rehearsed.
  * **Example 2:**
    * 我不喜欢他，他说话的语气总是很**做作**。
    * Pinyin: Wǒ bù xǐhuān tā, tā shuōhuà de yǔqì zǒngshì hěn **zuòzuo**.
    * English: I don't like him; his tone of voice is always so affected.
    * Analysis: This shows how `做作` can apply to a specific mannerism, like how someone speaks, rather than their overall personality.
  * **Example 3:**
    * 你能不能自然一点？别这么**做作**了！
    * Pinyin: Nǐ néng bùnéng zìrán yīdiǎn? Bié zhème **zuòzuo** le!
    * English: Can you be a bit more natural? Stop being so pretentious!
    * Analysis: This is a direct, informal command or plea for someone to stop their artificial behavior. It clearly sets up `自然 (zìrán)` as the opposite of `做作`.
  * **Example 4:**
    * 这位演员的表演太**做作**了，完全没有打动我。
    * Pinyin: Zhè wèi yǎnyuán de biǎoyǎn tài **zuòzuo** le, wánquán méiyǒu dǎdòng wǒ.
    * English: This actor's performance is too forced; it didn't move me at all.
    * Analysis: A common critique in art and film reviews, where naturalistic acting is valued.
  * **Example 5:**
    * 她为了得到同情，故意表现得很柔弱，太**做作**了。
    * Pinyin: Tā wèile dédào tóngqíng, gùyì biǎoxiàn de hěn róuruò, tài **zuòzuo** le.
    * English: In order to get sympathy, she deliberately acts very weak. It's so contrived.
    * Analysis: This highlights the perceived manipulative intent behind `做作` behavior.
  * **Example 6:**
    * 他的每一个动作都像是设计好的，看起来非常**做作**。
    * Pinyin: Tā de měi yīgè dòngzuò dōu xiàngshì shèjì hǎo de, kàn qǐlái fēicháng **zuòzuo**.
    * English: His every move seems like it was designed, looking extremely artificial.
    * Analysis: This sentence emphasizes the calculated, non-spontaneous nature of `做作` actions.
  * **Example 7:**
    * 社交媒体上很多所谓的“生活照”都充满了**做作**的痕迹。
    * Pinyin: Shèjiāo méitǐ shàng hěnduō suǒwèi de “shēnghuó zhào” dōu chōngmǎnle **zuòzuo** de hénjī.
    * English: Many so-called "lifestyle photos" on social media are full of traces of being staged.
    * Analysis: A very modern usage, criticizing the curated and inauthentic nature of online personas.
  * **Example 8:**
    * 别**做作**了，我知道你不是真的关心。
    * Pinyin: Bié **zuòzuo** le, wǒ zhīdào nǐ bùshì zhēn de guānxīn.
    * English: Stop putting on an act; I know you don't really care.
    * Analysis: A direct confrontation, accusing someone of feigning concern.
  * **Example 9:**
    * 我欣赏她的坦率，从不**做作**。
    * Pinyin: Wǒ xīnshǎng tā de tǎnshuài, cóngbù **zuòzuo**.
    * English: I admire her straightforwardness; she is never artificial.
    * Analysis: This sentence uses the absence of `做作` as a point of praise, highlighting it as a desirable quality.
  * **Example 10:**
    * 虽然他很努力地想融入我们，但他的热情显得有些**做作**。
    * Pinyin: Suīrán tā hěn nǔlì de xiǎng róngrù wǒmen, dàn tā de rèqíng xiǎnde yǒuxiē **zuòzuo**.
    * English: Although he tried hard to fit in with us, his enthusiasm seemed a bit forced.
    * Analysis: This shows a more nuanced situation where the person's intentions might be good, but their execution comes across as unnatural and therefore `做作`.
===== Nuances and Common Mistakes =====
  * **`做作 (zuòzuo)` vs. "Polite" (客气 - kèqi):** A crucial distinction for learners. Being polite in China often involves set phrases and gestures of humility, which might seem overly formal to a Westerner. This is `客气 (kèqi)`, a respected social grace. `做作` is different; it's when the *manner* of being polite (or sad, or happy) feels insincere and performed for effect. You can be very polite without being `做作` at all.
  * **`做作 (zuòzuo)` vs. "Shy" (害羞 - hàixiū):** Don't confuse the two. A shy person's awkwardness is involuntary and comes from nervousness. A `做作` person's artificial behavior is a conscious choice. One is a state of being, the other is an act.
  * **Incorrect Usage:** Avoid using `做作` to describe objects. You wouldn't say a plastic flower is `做作`. You would say it is `假的 (jiǎ de)` - fake. `做作` is reserved for the behaviors and expressions of living beings, primarily humans.
===== Related Terms and Concepts =====
  * [[自然]] (zìrán) - The direct antonym of `做作`. It means natural, spontaneous, and at ease. It's the highest compliment for someone's demeanor.
  * [[虚伪]] (xūwěi) - Hypocritical, phony. This is a much stronger and more serious accusation than `做作`. `虚伪` attacks someone's moral character, suggesting they are a "two-faced" liar. `做作` is more about their annoying, artificial behavior.
  * [[装]] (zhuāng) - A verb meaning "to pretend," "to feign," or "to put on an act." It's often the action that leads to being described as `做作`. Common collocations include `装可爱` (pretend to be cute), `装无辜` (pretend to be innocent), and `装可怜` (pretend to be pitiful).
  * [[假]] (jiǎ) - Fake, false, artificial. A broad adjective that can describe objects (假花 - fake flowers), information (假新闻 - fake news), or emotions (假笑 - a fake smile). A smile can be both `假` and `做作`.
  * [[嗲]] (diǎ) - A specific type of `做作` behavior, usually associated with women, characterized by acting in an overly cute, coquettish, or whiny way to be endearing or get what one wants.
  * [[夸张]] (kuāzhāng) - Exaggerated, over-the-top. Behavior that is `夸张` is often a key component of being `做作`.
  * [[不真实]] (bù zhēnshí) - Unreal, inauthentic. A more neutral and broader description. `做作` is a more specific and judgmental way of saying someone's behavior feels `不真实`.