====== dìjiāo: 递交 - Submit, Hand in, Present (formally) ======
===== Quick Summary =====
  * **Keywords:** dijiao, 递交, submit in Chinese, hand in Chinese, deliver a document, present a report, Chinese for application, HSK 5 verb, formal Chinese verb, submit vs hand in.
  * **Summary:** Learn the formal Chinese verb **递交 (dìjiāo)**, which means to formally submit, hand in, or present important documents. This page explains how `递交` is used for things like visa applications, official reports, and letters of resignation, contrasting it with more common verbs like `交 (jiāo)` and `给 (gěi)`. Discover its cultural significance and see practical examples to master its usage in official and academic contexts.
===== Core Meaning =====
  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** dìjiāo
  * **Part of Speech:** Verb
  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5
  * **Concise Definition:** To formally submit, hand in, or present a document or object to an authority or official body.
  * **In a Nutshell:** `递交` is the verb you use when you're not just "giving" something, but "officially submitting" it. Think of the serious, procedural act of handing your passport application to a consulate officer, turning in your final thesis to the university board, or presenting a formal proposal to a committee. It carries a weight of formality and officiality that simpler verbs lack.
===== Character Breakdown =====
  * **递 (dì):** This character means "to pass," "to hand over," or "to deliver." The radical 辶 (chuò) is a pictograph of a foot, indicating movement or travel. So, `递` inherently involves the action of taking something from one place to another for the purpose of delivery.
  * **交 (jiāo):** This character means "to hand over," "to exchange," or "to intersect." It originally depicted a person with crossed legs, symbolizing an intersection or exchange between two parties.
  * When combined, **递交 (dìjiāo)** literally means "to deliver and hand over." This combination reinforces the idea of a formal, complete transfer of an item from one person or entity to another, where the recipient officially accepts it.
===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
`递交` is a window into the importance of process, hierarchy, and formality in Chinese administrative, academic, and business culture. The act of "submitting" something is often seen as a formal acknowledgment of the recipient's authority and the official nature of the procedure.
In a Western context, "submitting" an online form can feel like a simple, impersonal digital transaction. While `递交` can also be used for digital submissions (though `[[提交]] (tíjiāo)` is more common), it retains a stronger flavor of respect and procedural correctness. The act of `递交`-ing a document signifies that you are formally entering a system, be it governmental, academic, or corporate, and are following its established rules. It's less about just "giving" and more about "presenting for official consideration." This subtle emphasis highlights a cultural value placed on following the proper channels and showing deference to the established structure.
===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
`递交` is almost exclusively used in formal situations. You will encounter it frequently in writing and formal speech related to bureaucracy, academics, and business.
  *   **Bureaucracy and Legal Matters:** Used for submitting visa applications, legal documents, official complaints, or evidence to a court.
  *   **Academics:** Used for handing in a thesis, a major research project, or a formal application for a program. Note that for regular homework, the simpler `[[交]] (jiāo)` is used (e.g., `交作业 - jiāo zuòyè`).
  *   **Business:** Used for presenting a formal report to management, submitting a tender for a contract, or handing in a letter of resignation.
The connotation is neutral and procedural. It describes an action without adding emotional color. Using it for a casual exchange, like handing a pen to a friend, would sound strange and overly dramatic.
===== Example Sentences =====
  *   **Example 1:**
    *   他昨天向大使馆**递交**了签证申请。
    *   Pinyin: Tā zuótiān xiàng dàshǐguǎn **dìjiāo**le qiānzhèng shēnqǐng.
    *   English: He submitted his visa application to the embassy yesterday.
    *   Analysis: A classic example of `递交` used in a bureaucratic context. The action is formal and directed towards an official institution (大使馆 - embassy).
  *   **Example 2:**
    *   所有候选人必须在截止日期前**递交**简历。
    *   Pinyin: Suǒyǒu hòuxuǎnrén bìxū zài jiézhǐ rìqī qián **dìjiāo** jiǎnlì.
    *   English: All candidates must hand in their resumes before the deadline.
    *   Analysis: This sentence is typical of instructions found in a job posting. `递交` emphasizes the formal requirement of the application process.
  *   **Example 3:**
    *   我们准备向董事会**递交**一份详细的商业计划书。
    *   Pinyin: Wǒmen zhǔnbèi xiàng dǒngshìhuì **dìjiāo** yī fèn xiángxì de shāngyè jìhuàshū.
    *   English: We are preparing to submit a detailed business plan to the board of directors.
    *   Analysis: Here, `递交` highlights the formality and importance of presenting a document to a high-level body (董事会 - board of directors).
  *   **Example 4:**
    *   她终于完成了毕业论文，并把它**递交**给了评审委员会。
    *   Pinyin: Tā zhōngyú wánchéngle bìyè lùnwén, bìng bǎ tā **dìjiāo** gěile píngshěn wěiyuánhuì.
    *   English: She finally finished her graduate thesis and submitted it to the review committee.
    *   Analysis: This shows `递交` in an academic context for a very important document. The recipient is an official committee.
  *   **Example 5:**
    *   经过深思熟虑，他向公司**递交**了辞职信。
    *   Pinyin: Jīngguò shēnsīshúlǜ, tā xiàng gōngsī **dìjiāo**le cízhíxìn.
    *   English: After careful consideration, he submitted his letter of resignation to the company.
    *   Analysis: Resigning is a formal act, and `递交` is the appropriate verb for handing in the official letter (辞职信).
  *   **Example 6:**
    *   反对党向国会**递交**了一份不信任动议。
    *   Pinyin: Fǎnduìdǎng xiàng guóhuì **dìjiāo**le yī fèn bù xìnrèn dòngyì.
    *   English: The opposition party submitted a no-confidence motion to the parliament.
    *   Analysis: This demonstrates the use of `递交` in a high-level political and governmental context.
  *   **Example 7:**
    *   记者向联合国**递交**了关于该地区人权状况的报告。
    *   Pinyin: Jìzhě xiàng liánhéguó **dìjiāo**le guānyú gāi dìqū rénquán zhuàngkuàng de bàogào.
    *   English: The journalist submitted a report on the human rights situation in the region to the United Nations.
    *   Analysis: This shows the formal submission of information to a major international body.
  *   **Example 8:**
    *   您需要将所有必需的材料**递交**到三号窗口。
    *   Pinyin: Nín xūyào jiāng suǒyǒu bìxū de cáiliào **dìjiāo** dào sān hào chuāngkǒu.
    *   English: You need to hand in all the required materials at window number 3.
    *   Analysis: A practical, instructional sentence you might hear or read in a government service center.
  *   **Example 9:**
    *   两国大使互相**递交**了国书。
    *   Pinyin: Liǎng guó dàshǐ hùxiāng **dìjiāo**le guóshū.
    *   English: The ambassadors of the two countries presented their credentials to each other.
    *   Analysis: This is an extremely formal diplomatic usage. `国书 (guóshū)` are letters of credence, and `递交` is the precise term for this official ceremony.
  *   **Example 10:**
    *   在**递交**申请之前，请仔细检查所有信息。
    *   Pinyin: Zài **dìjiāo** shēnqǐng zhīqián, qǐng zǐxì jiǎnchá suǒyǒu xìnxī.
    *   English: Before submitting the application, please carefully check all the information.
    *   Analysis: This shows `递交` used as the action in a subordinate clause, a common grammatical structure.
===== Nuances and Common Mistakes =====
  *   **`递交` vs. `交` (jiāo):** This is the most common point of confusion.
    *   `交 (jiāo)` is a general-purpose "hand in." It's perfect for routine, less formal tasks.
        *   Correct: 我要**交**作业了。(Wǒ yào **jiāo** zuòyè le.) - I'm going to hand in my homework.
        *   Incorrect/Awkward: 我要**递交**作业了。(Sounds overly dramatic, as if the homework were a state secret).
    *   `递交 (dìjiāo)` is for significant, official items.
        *   Correct: 我要**递交**我的毕业论文。(Wǒ yào **dìjiāo** wǒ de bìyè lùnwén.) - I'm going to submit my graduation thesis.
  *   **`递交` vs. `提交` (tíjiāo):** These are very close synonyms and often interchangeable in formal contexts. However, there's a slight nuance:
    *   `提交 (tíjiāo)` is more strongly associated with digital submission. The "submit" button on a Chinese website almost always says `提交`. It emphasizes putting something forward for review or processing.
    *   `递交 (dìjiāo)` can feel slightly more traditional, evoking the image of physically handing a document to a person or office. However, it's perfectly acceptable to use `递交` for electronic submissions in formal writing. For example, "请将您的电子版简历**递交**至... (Please submit your electronic resume to...)". In this case, they are nearly identical.
  *   **`递交` vs. `给` (gěi):** `给` simply means "to give." It is informal and carries no sense of procedure or officialdom.
    *   Informal: 你能把那本书**给**我吗？(Nǐ néng bǎ nà běn shū **gěi** wǒ ma?) - Can you give me that book?
    *   Formal: 您需要把申请表**递交**给前台。(Nín xūyào bǎ shēnqǐngbiǎo **dìjiāo** gěi qiántái.) - You need to submit the application form to the front desk.
===== Related Terms and Concepts =====
  *   [[提交]] (tíjiāo) - A very close synonym, meaning "to submit," especially common for online forms and digital files.
  *   [[交]] (jiāo) - A more general and less formal verb for "to hand in," "to turn in," or "to pay."
  *   [[上交]] (shàngjiāo) - To hand //up// to a superior or authority. It explicitly highlights the hierarchical relationship.
  *   [[申请]] (shēnqǐng) - (n.) Application; (v.) to apply. This is frequently the object that gets `递交`-ed.
  *   [[报告]] (bàogào) - (n.) Report. Another common object of `递交`.
  *   [[呈送]] (chéngsòng) - A highly formal and respectful term for "to present" or "to submit" something to a person of high rank or honor. More formal than `递交`.
  *   [[投递]] (tóudì) - To deliver mail or packages. Used specifically in the context of postal services or couriers.