====== jítǐ: 集体 - Collective, Group, Team ======
===== Quick Summary =====
  * **Keywords:** jiti, jítǐ, 集体, Chinese collectivism, what does jiti mean, collective in Chinese, group in Chinese, team in Chinese, Chinese group culture, jiti zhuyi, 集体主义
  * **Summary:** Discover the deep meaning of **集体 (jítǐ)**, a fundamental concept in Chinese culture that goes beyond a simple "group" or "team." This page explores how **jítǐ** represents a "collective," shaping everything from workplace dynamics to social relationships in China. Learn why understanding **jítǐ** is key to grasping the cultural value of collectivism and how it contrasts with Western individualism.
===== Core Meaning =====
  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** jítǐ
  * **Part of Speech:** Noun, Adjective
  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4
  * **Concise Definition:** A group of people organized for a common purpose, viewed as a single entity; a collective.
  * **In a Nutshell:** **集体 (jítǐ)** is more than just a bunch of people. It refers to a group with a shared identity, purpose, and sense of responsibility, like a school class, a company department, or an entire organization. In Chinese culture, the goals and honor of the **集体** often take precedence over the desires of the individual. It's the "we" that frequently comes before the "I."
===== Character Breakdown =====
  * **集 (jí):** This character means "to gather" or "to assemble." It's a pictograph of a bird (隹) on a tree (木), evoking the image of many birds gathering together in one place.
  * **体 (tǐ):** This character means "body," "form," or "entity." The radical on the left is 人 (rén), meaning person.
  * Together, **集体 (jítǐ)** literally translates to a "gathered body." This perfectly captures the idea of individuals coming together to form a single, cohesive unit that can think and act as one.
===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
The concept of **集体 (jítǐ)** is a cornerstone of Chinese society and is deeply rooted in the philosophy of **[[集体主义]] (jítǐ zhǔyì) - collectivism**. This worldview prioritizes the harmony, well-being, and goals of the group over the ambitions and achievements of any single person within it.
In Western, particularly American, culture, individualism is often celebrated. Success is frequently framed around personal achievement, being a "self-made" person, or standing out from the crowd. A "team" is often seen as a collection of high-performing individuals assembled to win.
In contrast, a **集体** emphasizes cohesion, conformity, and shared fate. The success of one member is a reflection of the entire group's strength, and the failure of one can bring shame to all. This is captured in the common phrase **集体荣誉 (jítǐ róngyù) - collective honor**. For example, if a student wins a national competition, they bring honor not just to themselves, but to their entire class, school, and even their hometown—their various **集体**. This fosters a powerful sense of belonging and mutual responsibility that is different from the Western concept of "teamwork."
===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
While its roots are deep, **集体** is a very common and practical word used daily in modern China.
  * **At Work and School:** This is where you'll hear **集体** most often. Companies and schools are seen as collectives. Common phrases include:
    * **集体活动 (jítǐ huódòng):** group activity (e.g., team-building, a company trip)
    * **集体照 (jítǐ zhào):** group photo
    * **集体讨论 (jítǐ tǎolùn):** group discussion
  * **Social and Formal Contexts:** The term lends a sense of formality and organization. A decision made by a group is a **集体决定 (jítǐ juédìng)**, giving it more weight than an individual's choice.
  * **Connotation:** The word is overwhelmingly neutral to positive. It implies unity, cooperation, and shared purpose. A negative connotation is rare but could arise if it's used to describe excessive pressure to conform or a loss of individuality ("groupthink").
===== Example Sentences =====
  * **Example 1:**
    * 公司下个月要组织一次**集体**旅游。
    * Pinyin: Gōngsī xià ge yuè yào zǔzhī yī cì **jítǐ** lǚyóu.
    * English: The company is going to organize a group trip next month.
    * Analysis: Here, **集体** is used as an adjective modifying "trip" (旅游). It emphasizes that this is an official, company-wide event for everyone, not just a casual outing for a few colleagues.
  * **Example 2:**
    * 老师，我们什么时候拍**集体**照？
    * Pinyin: Lǎoshī, wǒmen shénme shíhòu pāi **jítǐ** zhào?
    * English: Teacher, when are we going to take the class photo?
    * Analysis: **集体照** is a set phrase for a group photo, especially in a formal context like a school class or a company. The **集体** refers to the class as a single unit.
  * **Example 3:**
    * 在做重要决定时，我们必须考虑**集体**的利益。
    * Pinyin: Zài zuò zhòngyào juédìng shí, wǒmen bìxū kǎolǜ **jítǐ** de lìyì.
    * English: When making important decisions, we must consider the interests of the collective.
    * Analysis: This sentence perfectly illustrates the cultural value. **集体利益 (jítǐ lìyì)**, or collective interest, is being explicitly prioritized over individual interests.
  * **Example 4:**
    * 这个奖项属于我们整个**集体**，不是我一个人的功劳。
    * Pinyin: Zhège jiǎngxiàng shǔyú wǒmen zhěnggè **jítǐ**, bùshì wǒ yīgè rén de gōngláo.
    * English: This award belongs to our entire group, it's not my achievement alone.
    * Analysis: This is a very common and humble way to accept praise in Chinese culture. It deflects individual credit and attributes success to the **集体**, showing modesty and respect for the group.
  * **Example 5:**
    * 刚上大学时，我不太习惯**集体**生活。
    * Pinyin: Gāng shàng dàxué shí, wǒ bù tài xíguàn **jítǐ** shēnghuó.
    * English: When I first started university, I wasn't very used to dormitory/collective life.
    * Analysis: **集体生活 (jítǐ shēnghuó)** refers to living together in a shared space like a dorm or barracks. It implies shared schedules, facilities, and rules, highlighting the "collective" nature of the living arrangement.
  * **Example 6:**
    * 这个问题需要经过**集体**讨论才能决定。
    * Pinyin: Zhège wèntí xūyào jīngguò **jítǐ** tǎolùn cáinéng juédìng.
    * English: This issue needs to be decided through a group discussion.
    * Analysis: Using **集体** here implies a formal, democratic process where all members of the relevant group have a say. It gives the final decision more authority.
  * **Example 7:**
    * 强大的**集体**荣誉感让他们赢得了比赛。
    * Pinyin: Qiángdà de **jítǐ** róngyù gǎn ràng tāmen yíngdéle bǐsài.
    * English: A strong sense of collective honor allowed them to win the competition.
    * Analysis: **集体荣誉感 (jítǐ róngyù gǎn)** is a key concept. It's the feeling of pride and honor derived from being part of a group. This is often seen as a powerful motivator.
  * **Example 8:**
    * 他因为个人主义太强，很难融入这个**集体**。
    * Pinyin: Tā yīnwèi gèrén zhǔyì tài qiáng, hěn nán róngrù zhège **jítǐ**.
    * English: Because his individualism is too strong, it's hard for him to integrate into this group.
    * Analysis: This sentence highlights the potential conflict between individualism and the collective, a common challenge in cross-cultural environments.
  * **Example 9:**
    * 在我们公司，**集体**的智慧总是大于个人的智慧。
    * Pinyin: Zài wǒmen gōngsī, **jítǐ** de zhìhuì zǒng shì dàyú gèrén de zhìhuì.
    * English: In our company, the wisdom of the collective is always greater than the wisdom of an individual.
    * Analysis: This expresses a core belief of collectivism—that the group's combined knowledge and perspective ("collective wisdom") leads to better outcomes.
  * **Example 10:**
    * 这次失败是**集体**的责任，我们不应该指责任何人。
    * Pinyin: Zhè cì shībài shì **jítǐ** de zérèn, wǒmen bù yīnggāi zhǐzé rènhé rén.
    * English: This failure is the collective's responsibility; we shouldn't blame any single person.
    * Analysis: Just as success is shared, so is failure. This shows how the **集体** absorbs responsibility, protecting individuals from direct blame in order to maintain group harmony.
===== Nuances and Common Mistakes =====
  * **"集体" vs. "Group":** A common mistake for English speakers is to use **集体** for any group of people. You would not call a few friends you're meeting for coffee a **集体**. **集体** implies a formal structure, a shared identity, and a common purpose (e.g., a company, a class, a tour group). For a casual group, you would use words like **一帮朋友 (yì bāng péngyǒu)** or simply **我们 (wǒmen)**.
    * **Incorrect:** 我们这个**集体**去看电影吧。(Wǒmen zhège jítǐ qù kàn diànyǐng ba.) - Sounds overly formal and strange.
    * **Correct:** 我们一起去看电影吧。(Wǒmen yīqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng ba.) - "Let's go see a movie together."
  * **"集体" vs. "团队 (tuánduì)":** This is a key nuance.
    * **集体 (jítǐ)** is broader and more traditional. It can refer to an entire company or a school class. It has a stronger sense of "belonging" and social identity.
    * **[[团队]] (tuánduì)** means "team" and is more modern, often used in business. It emphasizes a smaller group working together on a specific task or project with a clear goal. A project team is a **团队**, but the whole company is a **集体**. All **团队** are part of a **集体**, but not every **集体** is a **团队**.
===== Related Terms and Concepts =====
  * **[[集体主义]] (jítǐ zhǔyì)** - Collectivism. The philosophical and cultural ideology that underpins the importance of the **集体**.
  * **[[团队]] (tuánduì)** - Team. A more modern and specific term, often used for project teams in a business context.
  * **[[单位]] (dānwèi)** - Work Unit. A classic example of a **集体** from the socialist era, this term is still used to refer to one's workplace as a social and administrative entity.
  * **[[个人主义]] (gèrén zhǔyì)** - Individualism. The direct cultural and philosophical antonym to collectivism.
  * **[[组织]] (zǔzhī)** - Organization/To organize. A close synonym, but **组织** focuses more on the structure and act of organizing, while **集体** focuses on the group's identity.
  * **[[荣誉]] (róngyù)** - Honor. A concept often tied to the group, as in **集体荣誉 (jítǐ róngyù)**.
  * **[[社会]] (shèhuì)** - Society. The largest and most abstract type of collective.
  * **[[班]] (bān)** - Class. A school class is a primary example of a **集体** for young people in China.