When combined, 反 (fǎn) + 恐 (kǒng) literally translates to “anti-terror,” creating the modern and precise term for “counter-terrorism.”
反恐 (fǎnkǒng) is a term loaded with political and social significance in modern China. While it aligns with the global concept of fighting terrorism, its application and scope within China have unique characteristics. The term gained widespread use in Chinese state media and official discourse following the September 11th attacks in the U.S. and in response to domestic security concerns, particularly related to the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The Chinese government frames its 反恐 efforts as a fight against the “Three Evils” (三股势力; sāngǔ shìlì): terrorism, separatism, and religious extremism. A key difference from Western discourse is how these concepts are bundled. In many Western countries, a distinction might be drawn between political dissent, calls for independence, and violent terrorism. In the official Chinese context, however, these are often linked, and 反恐 measures can be used to address all three. This makes 反恐 a critical component of the broader state priority of 维稳 (wéiwěn), or “maintaining stability,” which is paramount in Chinese governance. Therefore, understanding 反恐 is essential for understanding China's approach to national security and social control.
反恐 (fǎnkǒng) is a formal word. Its usage is almost entirely restricted to official and media contexts.