In Chinese culture, which often values practicality, efficiency, and social harmony, being 多余 (duōyú) is generally seen as a negative state. It implies a lack of foresight, a waste of resources, or a social clumsiness. A helpful comparison is the Western phrase, “Better to have it and not need it, than to need it and not have it.” This mindset celebrates preparation and abundance. The concept of 多余, however, often leans the other way: “If you don't need it, it's a burden.” Bringing an unnecessary item is a hassle; saying an unnecessary word can be awkward; being an unnecessary person in a situation (like a third wheel) is uncomfortable. This ties into the cultural value of not imposing on others or creating trouble (不给人添麻烦 - bù gěi rén tiān máfan). An action that is 多余 is often one that creates a small, unnecessary complication or awkwardness. Describing your own actions or presence as 多余 is also a common way to be polite and self-deprecating.
多余 is a versatile word used in many everyday situations. Its connotation is almost always neutral to negative.
The biggest pitfall for English speakers is confusing 多余 (duōyú) with the neutral or positive English word “extra.”