强国 (qiángguó) is one of the most important concepts for understanding modern China's psyche and political goals. Its significance is deeply rooted in history and national identity. The drive to become a 强国 is largely a response to what is known in China as the “Century of Humiliation” (百年国耻, bǎinián guóchǐ), a period from the mid-19th to mid-20th century when China was subjected to foreign invasions and unequal treaties. The pursuit of 强国 status is therefore seen as a way to “rejuvenate” the nation (民族复兴, mínzú fùxīng) and restore China to what is perceived as its historical position of global prominence. Comparison with “Superpower”: While 强国 (qiángguó) can be translated as “superpower,” there's a key difference in connotation. The English term “superpower” often focuses on external military and political projection (e.g., the Cold War superpowers). 强国, while including this, has a stronger internal focus. It represents a state of comprehensive national strength—encompassing a strong economy, advanced technology, military might, cultural influence, and high living standards for its people. It's a holistic goal of national self-realization and a source of immense national pride.
强国 (qiángguó) is a formal and aspirational term you will encounter frequently in official contexts, but it's also used in everyday discussions about national progress.
This is the most common context. You'll see it constantly in news headlines, government work reports, and political speeches. It is often part of official goals and slogans.
Netizens and regular people use 强国 (qiángguó) to express national pride, especially after a major achievement like a successful space mission or a technological breakthrough.