By combining two characters with almost the same meaning, 恐惧 (kǒngjù) becomes a formal, intensified term. It's like saying “fear-dread” in a single word, elevating the concept from a simple reaction to a profound state of being.
Fear is a universal human emotion, but its expression and the concepts surrounding it can be culturally specific. In Western cultures, especially American culture, there is a strong narrative of “facing your fears” in an individualistic, often confrontational manner. In Chinese culture, while courage is highly valued, the management of 恐惧 (kǒngjù) can be viewed differently. There is often a strong emphasis on overcoming fear through discipline, knowledge, and collective strength rather than solitary confrontation. For instance, the fear of failure can be a significant form of 恐惧, not just for the individual, but because of the potential to “lose face” (丢脸, diūliǎn) for one's entire family. This collective dimension adds a layer of social pressure to personal fears. Therefore, 恐惧 (kǒngjù) in a Chinese context can be deeply intertwined with social obligations, family expectations, and the maintenance of harmony, making it a more complex and socially-rooted concept than the simple English word “fear.”
恐惧 (kǒngjù) is a formal and strong word, typically reserved for serious situations.
The most common mistake for learners is using 恐惧 (kǒngjù) when `害怕 (hàipà)` or `怕 (pà)` would be more appropriate.
Think of it this way: You are `害怕` of something. You feel `恐惧` about something.