`摇号` is a direct consequence of China's rapid economic development and urbanization. In major metropolises like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, the demand for cars and property has skyrocketed, leading to severe traffic congestion, air pollution, and real estate bubbles. To manage this, the government implemented policies of `限购` (xiàngòu), or “purchase restrictions.” `摇号` is the mechanism to enforce these restrictions in a way that is perceived as fair and transparent. It prevents a scenario where only the wealthiest can afford to buy cars or apartments and avoids the chaos of physical queues or the corruption of backroom deals. Comparison to Western Culture: In the West, a “lottery” or “raffle” is typically associated with winning a prize, often money (like Powerball) or a luxury item for a charity fundraiser. It's usually a fun, optional activity. `摇号` is fundamentally different. The “prize” you win is often not the item itself, but the right to purchase the item with your own money. Winning the car plate lottery doesn't give you a free car; it gives you permission to go and buy one. This transforms the concept from a game of chance for a bonus prize into a stressful, bureaucratic hurdle one must overcome to achieve a basic goal of modern urban life. It reflects a societal approach to managing extreme scarcity through a state-controlled, randomized system designed to promote social stability over pure market freedom.
`摇号` is a term you will hear constantly when discussing life in China's biggest cities.