The term 教宗 (jiàozōng) is not a native Chinese concept but a translated title whose nuance is significant. Its importance lies in how it frames the Pope's authority in a way that is culturally understandable and distinct from political power. In Chinese culture, the character 宗 (zōng) is powerful. It's used in words like `祖宗 (zǔzōng)` for ancestors and `宗师 (zōngshī)` for a grandmaster (like in kung fu). It implies a deep, respected lineage and foundational authority. Therefore, 教宗 (jiàozōng) presents the Pope as a spiritual grandmaster, the head of a long and revered tradition. This contrasts sharply with a similar concept in Western culture, where the title “Pope” derives from the Latin for “Father.” While “father” is also a term of respect, 教宗 (jiàozōng) carries a heavier weight of being the ultimate source and protector of a specific doctrine or “school.” The most critical cultural comparison is with the alternative term, 教皇 (jiàohuáng).
Using 教宗 is generally seen as the more religiously sensitive and neutral term.
In modern-day China, the choice between 教宗 and 教皇 can reflect one's background or perspective.