Together, 程度 (chéngdù) means “degree” or “extent.” 补语 (bǔyǔ) literally means “supplementary phrase” or “complement.” Therefore, 程度补语 is a perfect name: it's a “complementary phrase of degree.”
While a grammar point might seem purely technical, its usage reveals cultural communication styles. The complement of degree allows for highly expressive and sometimes exaggerated descriptions, which are common in everyday Chinese speech. It's a tool for vivid storytelling, emphatic complaints, and enthusiastic compliments. Compared to English, where we often use an adverb before the verb (e.g., “He sings beautifully”), Chinese places the description after the verb. The structure is: Action + 得 + Description. This reflects a communication pattern of stating the core fact first (he sings) and then adding a comment or evaluation of it (beautifully). This structure is crucial for giving face (面子 (miànzi)) through detailed compliments (e.g., “You cook so well that it's better than a restaurant's!” - 你做饭做得比饭店的还好吃!). It's also used for humorous hyperbole, a common feature of informal chatter among friends. Understanding this structure isn't just about grammar; it's about understanding how to express emotion and evaluation in a natural, Chinese way.
The Complement of Degree is everywhere in modern Mandarin, from casual chats to formal speeches.