fūqiǎn: 肤浅 - Superficial, Shallow

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Summary: Learn the meaning and usage of 肤浅 (fūqiǎn), the essential Chinese adjective for “superficial” or “shallow.” This guide explores how to use `肤浅` to critique a lack of depth in people, ideas, or analysis. Discover its cultural significance, see practical examples, and understand the difference between being `肤浅` (shallow) and `简单` (simple) to avoid common mistakes for learners.

Pinyin (with tone marks): fūqiǎn

Part of Speech: Adjective

HSK Level: HSK 6

Concise Definition: Lacking in depth of knowledge, thought, or feeling; superficial.

In a Nutshell: `肤浅` is the perfect word to describe something that is “skin-deep.” It carries a negative connotation, suggesting that a person, idea, or understanding only scratches the surface and fails to engage with the more complex, meaningful reality underneath. If you think someone's opinion is based only on appearances or a movie's plot has no real substance, `肤浅` is the word you're looking for.

肤 (fū): This character means “skin.” Think of it as the outermost layer of a person or object.

浅 (qiǎn): This character means “shallow,” most commonly used to describe water that is not deep.

When combined, 肤浅 (fūqiǎn) creates a powerful and intuitive metaphor. It describes thoughts or understanding that are only “skin-deep” or as “shallow” as a puddle. The meaning is instantly clear: a lack of substance and depth.

In Chinese culture, there is a high value placed on 内涵 (nèihán), which translates to “inner substance,” “depth,” or “connotation.” A person, work of art, or piece of writing with `内涵` is considered profound and worthy of respect. 肤浅 is the direct opposite and, therefore, a significant criticism.

Comparison to “Superficial”: While “superficial” is a close equivalent in English, `肤浅` often carries a stronger weight of intellectual and even moral judgment. In Western contexts, calling someone “superficial” might simply refer to their focus on fashion or celebrity gossip, which can sometimes be viewed as a harmless personality trait. In contrast, labeling someone or their thoughts as `肤浅` is a more direct critique of their intelligence and character. It implies a failure to think critically and engage with the world in a meaningful way. It's less about a lifestyle and more about a fundamental flaw in one's thinking or values.

Connotation: Always negative. It is a word of criticism.

Formality: Used in a wide range of situations, from informal conversations among friends to formal academic writing.

On Social Media: `肤浅` is frequently used online to criticize simplistic “hot takes,” virtue signaling, or content that focuses purely on aesthetics without any substance.