When you combine them, 补助 (bǔzhù) literally means “to supplement with help.” This perfectly captures the meaning of providing financial aid to cover a shortfall or support a specific need.
In Western, particularly American, culture, the word “subsidy” can sometimes carry a political charge, implying government interference or “handouts.” While `补助` can refer to large-scale government programs, its everyday usage in China is far more common, neutral, and personal. `补助` reflects a social structure where the state, community, and employer are often expected to play a more active role in an individual's welfare. It's not just about a social safety net for the poor; it's a standard component of employment and student life. For many Chinese companies, offering various `补助` (like for meals, transportation, or housing) is a standard way to attract and retain talent. It's seen less as charity and more as a practical, expected part of a total compensation package or social support system. This contrasts with the Western emphasis on a single, all-inclusive salary. In China, a salary might be broken down into a base wage plus several specific `补助`, highlighting the employer's role in supporting different aspects of the employee's life. This is a subtle but important reflection of a more collectivist mindset where the well-being of the individual is intertwined with the support of the larger group (be it the state or the company).
`补助` is a formal term, but you'll encounter it in very practical, everyday situations.