When combined, 防卫 (fángwèi) creates a powerful compound word. 防 is about preparing for and preventing an attack, while 卫 is about the act of guarding. Together, they form the complete concept of “defense” in an active, responsive sense.
In Chinese culture, 防卫 (fángwèi) is most powerfully encountered in the legal concept of 正当防卫 (zhèngdāng fángwèi), or “justifiable self-defense.” This concept is a frequent topic of public and legal debate in China. Unlike the “Stand Your Ground” laws found in some parts of the United States, Chinese law historically placed a very strong emphasis on proportionality. The concept of 防卫过当 (fángwèi guòdàng), or “excessive defense,” is crucial. This means that if you use more force than is deemed necessary to stop an attacker, you could be held criminally liable. This reflects a broader cultural value that favors de-escalation, restraint, and avoiding conflict escalation whenever possible. While recent legal interpretations have been gradually expanding the scope of what is considered justifiable, the underlying principle of proportionality remains a key cultural and legal touchstone. Comparing 防卫 (fángwèi) to the English “defense,” `fángwèi` is less abstract. You wouldn't use it to “defend a title” in sports (the correct term is `卫冕 wèimiǎn`) or to “defend a thesis.” 防卫 is almost always tied to a concrete threat to one's physical safety, national security, or legal standing.
防卫 (fángwèi) is used in specific, often formal contexts.
Its connotation is generally neutral to positive, as it implies a justified reaction to aggression. It is almost always used in a formal setting.