The 马桶 (mǎtǒng), or sitting toilet, is more than just a piece of plumbing in China; it's a symbol of modernization and changing living standards. For decades, the 蹲便器 (dūnbiànqì), or squat toilet, was the norm in most homes and public facilities. It is still extremely common, especially in rural areas, older buildings, and public transit stations. Many people who grew up with them consider them more hygienic, as there is no direct skin contact with the seat. However, with China's economic boom, the Western-style 马桶 (mǎtǒng) has become a standard feature in new apartments, hotels, and upscale public venues. Its presence often signals a certain level of development, comfort, and international alignment. This creates a cultural divide:
This duality is something every traveler and resident in China encounters. Understanding the distinction between these two types of toilets and the vocabulary for them is a practical and cultural necessity.
The most critical rule for a learner is to differentiate the object from the place.