床

chuáng: 床 - Bed, Couch

Quick Summary

  • Keywords: chuang, chuáng, 床, Chinese bed, bed in Chinese, get up in Chinese, Chinese measure word, measure word for blanket, HSK 1 Chinese character, what is chuang in Chinese
  • Summary: Learn the essential Chinese word chuáng (床), which means “bed.” This fundamental HSK 1 noun is not only used for the furniture you sleep on but also functions as a unique measure word for items like blankets. This guide explores its character origin, cultural significance in China, practical daily use in phrases like `起床 (qǐchuáng)` (to get up), and common mistakes to avoid.

Core Meaning

  • Pinyin (with tone marks): chuáng
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Measure Word
  • HSK Level: HSK 1
  • Concise Definition: A piece of furniture used for sleeping or resting.
  • In a Nutshell: 床 (chuáng) is the direct and most common word for “bed” in Chinese. It's one of the first words you'll learn and is central to daily routines. Beyond just being a piece of furniture, it also serves as a classifier or measure word for things that cover a bed, like quilts or thick blankets.

Character Breakdown

  • 床 (chuáng): This character is a pictophonetic compound.
    • Radical: The enclosing radical `广 (guǎng)` originally depicted a house or shelter with a roof, giving the character a sense of being an indoor object.
    • Phonetic Component: The inner part `木 (mù)` means “wood” and provides the sound.
  • Combined Meaning: The character beautifully combines the idea of a shelter (`广`) with the material it was traditionally made from (`木`), creating the image of a wooden bed inside a home.

Cultural Context and Significance

  • In Chinese culture, the bed is more than just a place to sleep; it's a center of rest, health, and family life. In traditional Chinese medicine and Feng Shui (风水), the placement and orientation of the 床 (chuáng) are considered crucial for promoting good health, harmony, and prosperity.
  • Contrast with Western Culture: While a bed in the West is almost exclusively found in a private bedroom, the concept of a bed in China can be more varied. For example, the 炕 (kàng) is a traditional heated brick platform bed in Northern China that serves as a sleeping area, a gathering place for the family, and a source of heat in the winter. This highlights a more communal and functional aspect compared to the strictly private Western bed. The modern 床 in urban China is very similar to its Western counterpart, but these traditional concepts still influence cultural perspectives on home life.

Practical Usage in Modern China

  • As a Noun (Most Common): This is the primary function of 床 (chuáng). It's used to refer to any type of bed.
    • Example: `我的床很舒服。(Wǒ de chuáng hěn shūfu.)` - My bed is very comfortable.
  • In Daily Routine Phrases: 床 (chuáng) is a key component of phrases describing the daily sleep cycle.
    • `上床 (shàng chuáng)` - To get on the bed / go to bed.
    • `起床 (qǐ chuáng)` - To get up (from bed).
  • As a Measure Word: This is a crucial concept for learners. 床 (chuáng) is the measure word for large, thick coverings like quilts and blankets.
    • Example: `一床被子 (yī chuáng bèizi)` - One quilt/blanket.
  • In Compound Words: It forms many other common words.
    • `床单 (chuángdān)` - Bedsheet
    • `沙发床 (shāfā chuáng)` - Sofa bed
    • `河床 (héchuáng)` - Riverbed (a metaphorical extension)

Example Sentences

  • Example 1:
    • 我每天早上七点起床。
    • Pinyin: Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang qī diǎn qǐchuáng.
    • English: I get up at 7 o'clock every morning.
    • Analysis: Here, 起床 is a verb-object compound meaning “to get up from bed.” It's one of the most common daily phrases.
  • Example 2:
    • 妈妈给我买了一床新被子。
    • Pinyin: Māma gěi wǒ mǎi le yī chuáng xīn bèizi.
    • English: Mom bought me a new quilt.
    • Analysis: This showcases 床 used as a measure word for `被子` (quilt/comforter). Using the general measure word `个 (ge)` here would be incorrect.
  • Example 3:
    • 太晚了，我们该上床睡觉了。
    • Pinyin: Tài wǎn le, wǒmen gāi shàng chuáng shuìjiào le.
    • English: It's too late, we should go to bed and sleep.
    • Analysis: `上床 (shàng chuáng)` refers to the physical act of getting into bed, which is followed by the action of `睡觉 (shuìjiào)`, sleeping.
  • Example 4:
    • 他的房间里只有一张床和一张桌子。
    • Pinyin: Tā de fángjiān lǐ zhǐyǒu yī zhāng chuáng hé yī zhāng zhuōzi.
    • English: In his room, there is only one bed and one table.
    • Analysis: Note that the measure word for the piece of furniture itself is `张 (zhāng)`, which is used for flat objects like tables, paper, and beds. Don't confuse this with 床 as a measure word for blankets.
  • Example 5:
    • 请不要在床上吃东西。
    • Pinyin: Qǐng búyào zài chuáng shàng chī dōngxi.
    • English: Please don't eat on the bed.
    • Analysis: A simple and practical sentence using 床 as a location. `在床上 (zài chuáng shàng)` means “on the bed.”
  • Example 6:
    • 这家酒店的床又大又软。
    • Pinyin: Zhè jiā jiǔdiàn de chuáng yòu dà yòu ruǎn.
    • English: The beds in this hotel are both big and soft.
    • Analysis: A descriptive sentence using the `又…又… (yòu…yòu…)` structure to describe the noun 床.
  • Example 7:
    • 我需要换一下床单。
    • Pinyin: Wǒ xūyào huàn yīxià chuángdān.
    • English: I need to change the bedsheets.
    • Analysis: Demonstrates the compound word `床单 (chuángdān)`, which literally means “bed-single-layer.”
  • Example 8:
    • 他生病了，一整天都卧病在床。
    • Pinyin: Tā shēngbìng le, yī zhěng tiān dōu wòbìngzàichuáng.
    • English: He is sick and has been bedridden all day.
    • Analysis: This uses the idiom `卧病在床 (wòbìngzàichuáng)`, which means “to be sick in bed.” It's a more formal and literary way to express this.
  • Example 9:
    • 这条河的河床已经干了。
    • Pinyin: Zhè tiáo hé de héchuáng yǐjīng gān le.
    • English: The bed of this river has already dried up.
    • Analysis: This shows the metaphorical use of 床 in the word `河床 (héchuáng)` or “riverbed.” The concept is that it's the “bed” where the river lies.
  • Example 10:
    • 孩子睡觉前，喜欢让我坐在床边给他讲故事。
    • Pinyin: Háizi shuìjiào qián, xǐhuān ràng wǒ zuò zài chuáng biān gěi tā jiǎng gùshì.
    • English: Before sleeping, my child likes me to sit on the edge of the bed and tell him a story.
    • Analysis: This sentence uses `床边 (chuáng biān)` meaning “bedside” or “edge of the bed,” showing how 床 can be combined with location words.

Nuances and Common Mistakes

  • Measure Word Confusion: The most common mistake for learners is confusing the measure word for a bed with 床 as a measure word.
    • Correct: `一张床 (yī zhāng chuáng)` - one bed (the furniture). `张 (zhāng)` is for flat-surfaced objects.
    • Correct: `一床被子 (yī chuáng bèizi)` - one blanket/quilt. 床 is for the covering.
    • Incorrect: `一个床 (yī ge chuáng)` or `一床床 (yī chuáng chuáng)`.
  • `上床 (shàng chuáng)` vs. `睡觉 (shuìjiào)`: These are not perfect synonyms. `上床` is the physical act of getting into bed. `睡觉` is the state of being asleep. You can `上床` to read a book, but you must `上床` before you can `睡觉`. They are often used together: `我准备上床睡觉了 (Wǒ zhǔnbèi shàng chuáng shuìjiào le)` - “I'm getting ready to go to bed and sleep.”

Related Terms and Concepts

  • 起床 (qǐchuáng) - To get up from bed; a fundamental daily action verb.
  • 上床 (shàng chuáng) - To get into bed; the action that precedes sleeping.
  • 床单 (chuángdān) - Bedsheet; a compound word using 床.
  • 被子 (bèizi) - Quilt or comforter; the object for which 床 is often the measure word.
  • 枕头 (zhěntou) - Pillow; another essential item found on a 床.
  • 卧室 (wòshì) - Bedroom; the room where a 床 is located.
  • 张 (zhāng) - The measure word used to count the furniture item 床 itself.
  • 沙发 (shāfā) - Sofa/couch; used to differentiate from a bed, though a `沙发床 (shāfā chuáng)` is a sofa bed.
  • 炕 (kàng) - A traditional, heatable brick platform bed, culturally significant in Northern China.
  • 卧病在床 (wòbìngzàichuáng) - A common idiom (chengyu) meaning “to be sick in bed” or “bedridden.”